Genetic and environmental influences on developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol use
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European child and adolescent psychiatry
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Springer
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- Adolescence
- Alcohol use
- Developmental trajectory
- Genetic influences
- Twin design
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Résumé
Adolescent alcohol use demonstrates distinct developmental trajectories with different times of onset, levels, and
rates of growth. Twin research on adolescent alcohol use has shown that genetic influences are consistent with a
gradual growth of risks, whereas non-shared environmental influences are more consistent with an accumulation
of risks over time. The current study investigated the relative contributions of genetic and environmental
influences on shaping different developmental trajectories of alcohol use through adolescence. Self-reported past
year alcohol use was collected from 877 Canadian twins (47.1% males) at age 13, 14, 15, and 17-year-old.
Growth mixture models were fit to examine different developmental trajectories of alcohol use, and biometric
liability threshold models were fit to investigate genetic and environmental influences on the liability of
belonging to identified trajectories. Three trajectories were identified: low (15.1%), early onset (8.2%), and
normative increasing (76.7%). Memberships in the low and early onset group were under genetic (27.6% and
34.7%), shared (42.4% and 21.5%), and non-shared environment influences (30.0% and 43.8%). Membership in
the normative increasing group was under genetic (37.7%) and non-shared environment influences (62.3%).
Non-shared environmental influences were significantly larger for the normative increasing trajectory than for
the low trajectory. These findings provide a more refined picture of genetic and environmental influences in the
development of alcohol use in subgroups of adolescents. Genetic and environmental influences both matter, but
to different degrees in different trajectories. Future research should identify specific shared and non-shared
environmental experiences that distinguish different trajectories.
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