Are age and sex effects on sleep slow waves only a matter of EEG amplitude ?
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Sleep
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Oxford University Press
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- Slow oscillations
- Aging
- Sex differences
- Slow waves
- EEG
- Sleep
- Nonrapid eye movement sleep
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Résumé
Aging is associated with reduced slow wave (SW) density (number SW/min in nonrapid-eye movement sleep) and amplitude.
It has been proposed that an age-related decrease in SW density may be due to a reduction in electroencephalogram (EEG)
amplitude instead of a decline in the capacity to generate SW. Here, we propose a data-driven approach to adapt SW amplitude
criteria to age and sex. We predicted that the adapted criteria would reduce age and sex differences in SW density and SW
characteristics but would not abolish them. A total of 284 healthy younger and older adults participated in one night of sleep
EEG recording. We defined age- and sex-adapted SW criteria in a first cohort of younger (n = 97) and older (n = 110) individuals
using a signal-to-noise ratio approach. We then used these age- and sex-specific criteria in an independent second cohort (n = 77,
38 younger and 39 older adults) to evaluate age and sex differences on SW density and SW characteristics. After adapting SW
amplitude criteria, we showed maintenance of an age-related difference for SW density whereas the sex-related difference
vanished. Indeed, older adults produced less SW compared with younger adults. Specifically, the adapted SW amplitude criteria
increased the probability of occurrence of low amplitude SW (<80 µV) for older men especially. Our results thereby confirm an
age-related decline in SW generation rather than an artifact in the detection amplitude criteria. As for the SW characteristics,
the age- and sex-adapted criteria display reproducible effects across the two independent cohorts suggesting a more reliable
inventory of the SW.
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