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Traduire sa nation - Identité et littérature canadienne-française au XIXe siècle


Thèse ou mémoire / Thesis or Dissertation
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Maîtrise / Master's

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Keywords

  • Traduction
  • Littérature
  • Literature
  • French Canada
  • History
  • Nationalism
  • French language
  • XIXth century
  • Canada français
  • Pamphile LeMay
  • Rosanna Mullins-Leprohon
  • Histoire
  • Nationalisme
  • Langue française
  • XIXe siècle
  • Translation

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Abstract

Face aux visées assimilationnistes qui alimentent l’Acte d’Union de 1840, les élites canadiennes-françaises entament la définition culturelle d’une identité nationale dans le but de justifier l’existence du Canada français en tant que nation distincte. Cet effort se traduit notamment par un foisonnement littéraire, fortement teinté de nationalisme. Or, certaines des œuvres les plus populaires du XIXe siècle sont d’origine anglophone : notons Évangéline - A Tale of Acadie, Antoinette de Mirecourt or Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing et Le Chien d’Or – A Legend of Quebec. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre la place qu’a pu occuper la traduction littéraire de l’anglais vers le français dans ce contexte de définition nationale. Ceci sera réalisé grâce à deux approches. La première envisage le rapport du traducteur aux œuvres en analysant les transformations et l’adaptation accomplies au sein du texte. Cette approche est conduite à travers l’étude des traductions de Pamphile LeMay. La seconde approche considère le rapport entre le lectorat et la traduction, étudié à travers les œuvres traduites de l’autrice canadienne-anglaise Rosanna Leprohon. L’étude permet de déterminer que la traduction mène à une appropriation des textes au sein du corpus littéraire national canadien-français et que le travail du traducteur est perçu comme une activité créatrice au service du nationalisme francophone.


Faced with the assimilationist aims that fuelled the 1840 Union Act, French-Canadian elites began to define a national identity through culture in order to justify the existence of French Canada as a distinct nation. One of the results of this effort was an abundance of literature, strongly tinged with nationalism. However, some of the most popular works of the nineteenth century were written in English: Évangéline - A Tale of Acadie, Antoinette de Mirecourt or Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing and Le Chien d’Or - A Legend of Quebec are prime examples of this phenomenon. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the role played by literary translation from English into French in this context of national definition. This will be achieved through two approaches. The first considers the translator's relationship with the work by analysing the transformations and adaptations made to the text. This approach is taken through the study of Pamphile LeMay's translations. The second approach considers the relationship between the reader and the translation, studied through the translated works of the English Canadian author Rosanna Leprohon. The study shows that translation leads to the appropriation of texts within the national French-Canadian literary corpus, and that the translator's work is perceived as a creative activity in the service of Francophone nationalism.

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