Faculté des arts et des sciences – École de criminologie - Travaux et publications
URI permanent de cette collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1866/19209
Cette collection accueille les publications savantes et d’autres types de travaux d’auteur.e.s associé.e.s à cette unité. Voir aussi les collections Thèses et mémoires et Production étudiante de l'unité.
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Item Embargo Leaders and leadership in criminal activities : a scoping reviewChopin, Julien; Dupont, Benoît; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Taylor and Francis group, 2024-05-22)The objective of this article is to conduct a scoping review of existing literature on the subject of leadership within the criminal domain. Drawing from theoretical models used to explain leadership in social organizations, this study analyzed 71 articles presenting findings or reflections contributing to a better understanding of leaders and leadership within criminal organizations. The results yielded three overarching themes and eight sub-themes for analysis. The first theme focuses on individual factors associated with leaders and leadership in criminal contexts, and it has been subdivided into three sub-themes: Behavioral factors of criminal leadership, psychosocial factors of criminal leadership, and Gender and leadership in crime. The second theme concentrates on managerial approaches within criminal organizations and is further divided into four sub-themes: Hierarchy, Leadership and criminal organization, selection of leaders in criminal organizations, distribution of leadership in criminal organizations, and the role of leaders in criminal organizations. Finally, the last identified theme examines the phenomenon of leadership decapitation, which is elaborated upon in two sub-themes: the leadership decapitation effect and leader protection and prevention of the decapitation effect. The results are discussed in the context of existing general knowledge on leadership and serve to develop theoretical implications for future studies.Item Accès libre Expertise integration in cybercrime policing : exploring civilian career lifecyclesWhelan, Chad; Dupont, Benoît; Harkin, Diarmaid; Martin, James; Miccelli, Maegan; Villeneuve-Dubuc, Marie-Pier; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Taylor and Francis, 2024-05-24)This study examines the internal dynamics and composition of federal police cybercrime units with a focus on civilianization. The study is based on interviews with 56 sworn and civilian (unsworn) members of two federal law enforcement organizations located in two of the Five Eyes countries. Both police organizations had a significant number of civilian employees in their cybercrime units and were in the process of actively recruiting more. The findings relate to civilianization across four domains: organizational design and structure; recruitment and remuneration; education and training; and attrition and retention. These four (interrelated) domains were identified as core organizational challenges that impacted the capacity of police cybercrime units to optimally harness civilian expertise to enhance cybercrime capability. Our study finds widespread support for civilianization within federal police cybercrime units as an approach to improving capability but highlights several challenges for police organizations across the civilian career lifecycle. The main challenges relate to recruitment and retention. A much broader tension relates to how police organizations remunerate sworn and civilian employees and provide opportunities for career advancement. There is an increasing need for new policy solutions to this issue as police organizations continue to adapt to evolving cybercrime challenges.Item Accès libre Comprendre et combattre le mouvement anti-trans au « Canada » : un guide pour les communautés trans et nos allié.esJusticeTrans; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (JusticeTrans, 2024)Déceler la transphobie est un projet d’un an, réalisé au cours de 2023 et 2024 et financé par Femmes et Égalité des genres Canada, visant à documenter des incidents de haine transphobe et des campagnes de harcèlement au « Canada » afin d’apprendre à mieux y répondre, à travers des stratégies favorisant la sécurité, le soutien et la solidarité. Après avoir procédé à une revue de la littérature, l’équipe de recherche, entièrement composée de personnes 2S/TNBGD, a mené des dizaines d’entrevues de membres d’organisations et de personnes 2S/TNBGD ayant eu à faire face, au cours des dernières années, à des campagnes haineuses du mouvement antitrans. Résultat de cette recherche, notre tout nouveau guide et outil, intitulé Comprendre et combattre le mouvement anti-trans au « Canada » : un guide pour les communautés trans et nos allié.es, présente non seulement nos conclusions sur le phénomène, mais également des pistes de solutions et quelques recommandations. Parmi celles-ci, on peut citer : Ne pas abandonner le combat, ne pas reculer, mettre en place des mesures de prévention (ex : sécurité en matière de gestion des données), et protéger et soutenir les membres des organisations touché.es par le harcèlement.Item Accès libre Understanding & fighting back against the anti-trans movement in « Canada » : a guide for trans communities & our alliesJusticeTrans; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (JusticeTrans, 2024)Tracking Transphobia is a one-year project, conducted throughout 2023 and 2024, aimed at documenting incidents of antitrans hatred and harassment campaigns in “Canada” to better understand how to respond through strategies promoting safety, support, and solidarity. After a long review of literature, the research team, entirely composed of 2S/TNBGD individuals, conducted dozens of interviews with members of organizations and 2S/TNBGD folks who have faced hateful campaigns from the anti-trans movement in recent years. As a result of this research, our brand-new guide and tool, titled Understanding and Fighting Back against the Anti-Trans Movement in “Canada”: A Guide for Trans Communities & Our Allies, not only presents our findings on the phenomenon but also provides solutions and recommendations. Among these, we can mention: not giving up the fight, not backing down; implementing preventive measures (e.g., data management security); and protecting and supporting members of organizations affected by harassment.Item Accès libre Crimes sexuels en ligne, délinquants et victimes : théorie, recherche et pratiquePaquette, Sarah; Chopin, Julien; Fortin, Francis; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses de l’Université Laval, 2023)Si l'avènement d'Internet a amélioré le quotidien de chacun, il a également contribué à créer de nouvelles brèches en matière de délinquance. Le rapprochement virtuel des personnes et l'augmentation des échanges ont été exploités par les criminels afin d'avoir accès plus facilement à de jeunes victimes. Un des domaines criminels majeurs touchés par le développement des technologies concerne l'exploitation des enfants et des adolescents à des fins sexuelles. Crimes sexuels en ligne, délinquants et victimes : théorie, recherche et pratique est le premier ouvrage en français à adopter une perspective pluridisciplinaire afin d'étayer les connaissances contemporaines au sujet de l'exploitation sexuelle des enfants et des adolescents en ligne. Cet ouvrage confronte certains mythes véhiculés dans la société et les médias à propos de cette forme de violence, des auteurs d'infractions et de leurs victimes. Il offre aussi des analyses inédites du phénomène, lesquelles s'appuient sur des données collectées auprès de cas réels du Québec. En parcourant les chapitres, le lecteur se familiarisera avec les modèles explicatifs de la cyberdélinquance et de la victimisation, les parcours criminels et caractéristiques du passage à l'acte en ligne, les caractéristiques individuelles des auteurs d'infractions et de leurs victimes, les questions relatives aux identités virtuelles et aux techniques de préservation de l'anonymat, ainsi que des considérations pour les pratiques de prévention et d'intervention. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux étudiants, chercheurs et professionnels du milieu de la justice et de la santé publique (criminologues, psychologues, psychiatres, psychothérapeutes, travailleurs sociaux, enquêteurs de police, agents de probation, magistrats, avocats), mais aussi, plus largement au lecteur non initié. Il se parcourt simplement, d'une couverture à l'autre, ou ponctuellement, un chapitre à la fois.Item Accès libre Whose criminology? : marginalised perspectives and populations within student production at the Montreal School of CriminologyMarcoux Rouleau, Alexis; Melouka, Ismehen; Pérusse-Roy, Maude; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Routledge, 2024)This study assumes that criminological student production reflects departmental and disciplinary tendencies. We empirically investigate the prevalence of and relationship between marginalised populations and criminological perspectives based on two decades’ worth of thesis and dissertation abstracts published by the Montreal School of Criminology in Québec, Canada (µ=408). Descriptive statistics show the overwhelming prevalence of conventional criminology (72%) compared to studies questioning or discussing alternatives to the status quo. A minority of studies consider marginalised populations. We then examine factors predicting non-conventional perspectives within student production, using a logistic regression model. Studies considering race, social class, sociological aspects within criminology, or resorting to qualitative methods show the strongest likelihood of relying on non-conventional perspectives, whereas studies considering age increase the likelihood of relying on conventional perspectives. In closing we urge criminologists working within all perspectives to meaningfully include and consider how their work impacts marginalised populations.Item Accès libre The tensions of cyber-resilience : from sensemaking to practiceDupont, Benoît; Shearing, Clifford; Bernier, Marilyne; Leukfeldt, Rutger; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Elsevier, 2023-06-29)The growing sophistication, frequency and severity of cyberattacks targeting all sectors highlight their inevitability and the impossibility of completely protecting the integrity of critical computer systems. In this context, cyber-resilience offers an attractive alternative to the existing cybersecurity paradigm. We define cyber-resilience as the capacity to withstand, recover from and adapt to the external shocks caused by cyber-risks. This article seeks to provide a broader organizational understanding of cyber-resilience and the tensions associated with its implementation. We apply Weick’s (1995) sensemaking framework to examine four foundational tensions of cyber-resilience: a definitional tension, an environmental tension, an internal tension, and a regulatory tension. We then document how these tensions are embedded in cyber-resilience practices at the preparatory, response and adaptive stages. We rely on qualitative data from a sample of 58 cybersecurity professionals to uncover these tensions and how they reverberate across cyber-resilience practices.Item Accès libre Lessons from insiders : embracing subjectivity as objectivity in victimologyMarcoux Rouleau, Alexis; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (SAGE, 2023-06-15)Due to the prevalence of victimization in society, it is likely that many victimologists have been victimized or will be in their lifetimes. This poses a challenge for the field of victimology as traditional, positivist conceptions of ‘good science’ require researchers to be outsiders relative to populations they study. This paper asks: What are the epistemological and practical implications of victimological research conducted by researchers who have firsthand experiences of victimization? What lessons can be retained by other victimologists and researchers in general? How can these epistemological considerations be applied in practice? To answer these questions, I examine the meanings of insider and outsider status and the implications for objectivity and subjectivity as per positivist and standpoint epistemologies. I present the case of victimologists who have been victimized as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this form of insider research. I deconstruct insider–outsider, subjectivity–objectivity dualisms as they pertain to victimologists, concluding that all victimologists can be subjective whether they are technically insiders or not. In closing, I discuss how all victimologists can embrace their own and their participants’ subjectivity as a resource for objectivity by examining location, emotions and bodies, and ethics throughout the research process.Item Accès libre Jon Burnett, work and the carceral state (London: Pluto Press, 2022)Marcoux Rouleau, Alexis; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Canadian Committee on Labour History, 2023-05-22)Item Accès libre The concept of terrorism and historical time : comparing 9/11 to the TerreurSire, Corentin; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Taylor and Francis, 2021-09-21)Item Accès libre Broken record : the leisure–health Nexus in prisonMarcoux Rouleau, Alexis; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (CAB International, 2022)Item Accès libre Got assistance? : profit-driven criminal careers and assisted desistanceOuellet, Frédéric; Dubois, Marie-Ève; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (SAGE, 2022-06-20)Research on assisted desistance has not considered the influence of criminal-involvement factors on the receptivity to assistance. Although most crimes committed are motivated by the prospect of gain, current knowledge on desistance from lucrative offending is still rudimentary. The purpose of this study was to examine the assistance in the desistance process of 27 individuals having committed profit-driven crimes. First, based on life story narratives, the acknowledgment of assistance was explored. Then, how and when this assistance arose in participants’ lives was studied. Results demonstrate the value of the assisted desistance framework in understanding desistance. Other findings include the fact that assistance may take many forms and may arise at various phases in the process of desistance.Item Accès libre Haine et utilisation d’Internet par les propagandistesFortin, Francis; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)Item Accès libre Comprendre le cyberterrorisme : du concept à la réalitéGagnon, Benoit; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)Item Accès libre Menace de fusillade en milieu scolaire à l’ère d’InternetGougeon, François; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)Item Accès libre Gangs de rue sur Internet : défis et enjeuxFredette, Chantal; Guay, Jean-Pierre; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)Item Accès libre Nouveaux habits de la vieille fraude : une vision "écosystémique" des fraudeurs, de leurs instruments et de leurs victimesBlanchard, François; Fortin, Francis; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)Item Accès libre Vol et usurpation d’identité : les contours imprécis d’un crime fourre-toutDupont, Benoît; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)Item Accès libre Piratage informatiqueDécary-Hétu, David; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)Item Accès libre Intimidation à l'heure d'InternetRyan, Nancy; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de criminologie (Presses internationales Polytechnique, 2013)