Faculté des arts et des sciences – Département de psychologie - Travaux et publications

URI permanent de cette collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1866/19203

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Accès libre
Gender-inclusive research instructions in author submission guidelines : insufficient for gender-inclusive obstetrics and gynecology research
Rioux, Charlie; London-Nadeau, Kira; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne; Juster, Robert-Paul; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine. Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie (Elsevier, 2023-10-07)
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Reduced rapid eye movement sleep in late middle-aged and older apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele carriers
André, Claire; Martineau-Dussault, Marie-Ève; Baril, Andrée-Ann; Marchi, Nicola Andrea; Daneault, Véronique; Lorrain, Dominique; Hudon, Carol; Bastien, Célyne; Petit, Dominique; Thompson, Cynthia; Poirier, Judes; Montplaisir, Jacques-Yves; Gosselin, Nadia; Carrier, Julie; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Oxford University Press, 2024-04-18)
Study Objectives Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, APOE4 carriers may exhibit sleep disturbances, but conflicting results have been reported, such that there is no clear consensus regarding which aspects of sleep are impacted. Our objective was to compare objective sleep architecture between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers, and to investigate the modulating impact of age, sex, cognitive status, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods A total of 198 dementia-free participants aged >55 years old (mean age: 68.7 ± 8.08 years old, 40.91% women, 41 APOE4 carriers) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They underwent polysomnography, APOE4 genotyping, and a neuropsychological evaluation. ANCOVAs assessed the effect of APOE4 status on sleep architecture, controlling for age, sex, cognitive status, and the apnea–hypopnea index. Interaction terms were added between APOE4 status and covariates. Results Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage (F = 9.95, p = .002, ηp2 = 0.049) and duration (F = 9.23, p = .003, ηp2 = 0.047) were lower in APOE4 carriers. The results were replicated in a subsample of 112 participants without moderate-to-severe OSA. There were no significant interactions between APOE4 status and age, sex, cognitive status, and OSA in the whole sample. Conclusions Our results show that APOE4 carriers exhibit lower REM sleep duration, including in cognitively unimpaired individuals, possibly resulting from early neurodegenerative processes in regions involved in REM sleep generation and maintenance.
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REM sleep is associated with the volume of the cholinergic basal forebrain in aMCI individuals
André, Claire; Martineau‑Dussault, Marie‑Ève; Daneault, Véronique; Blais, Hélène; Frenette, Sonia; Lorrain, Dominique; Hudon, Carol; Bastien, Célyne; Petit, Dominique; Lafrenière, Alexandre; Thompson, Cynthia; Montplaisir, Jacques-Yves; Gosselin, Nadia; Carrier, Julie; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (BMC, 2023-09-08)
Background Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep highly depends on the activity of cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) neurons and is reduced in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we investigated the associations between the volume of BF nuclei and REM sleep characteristics, and the impact of cognitive status on these links, in late middle-aged and older participants. Methods Thirty-one cognitively healthy controls (66.8 ± 7.2 years old, 13 women) and 31 participants with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (68.3 ± 8.8 years old, 7 women) were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent polysomnography, a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination. REM sleep characteristics (i.e., percentage, latency and efficiency) were derived from polysomnographic recordings. T1-weighted images were preprocessed using CAT12 and the DARTEL algorithm, and we extracted the gray matter volume of BF regions of interest using a probabilistic atlas implemented in the JuBrain Anatomy Toolbox. Multiple linear regressions were performed between the volume of BF nuclei and REM sleep characteristics controlling for age, sex and total intracranial volume, in the whole cohort and in subgroups stratified by cognitive status. Results In the whole sample, lower REM sleep percentage was significantly associated to lower nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4) volume (β = 0.32, p = 0.009). When stratifying the cohort according to cognitive status, lower REM sleep percentage was significantly associated to both lower Ch4 (β = 0.48, p = 0.012) and total BF volumes (β = 0.44, p = 0.014) in aMCI individuals, but not in cognitively unimpaired participants. No significant associations were observed between the volume of the BF and wake after sleep onset or non-REM sleep variables. Discussion These results suggest that REM sleep disturbances may be an early manifestation of the degeneration of the BF cholinergic system before the onset of dementia, especially in participants with mild memory deficits.
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Dating aggression and observed behaviors in a nonconflictual situation : the role of negative anticipation
Daspe, Marie-Ève; Arbel, Reout; Margolin, Gayla; Rasmussen, Hannah F.; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (SAGE, 2021-08-03)
Past observational studies highlight meaningful behavioral differences between aggressive and nonaggressive couples during conflict interactions. However, research is needed on how aggressive couples communicate in other, nonconflictual interactional contexts. This study investigates how dating partners’ perpetration of physical aggression relates to observed behaviors during a laboratory-based discussion during which dating couples planned a date together. We also investigated whether negative anticipation of the upcoming discussion influences dating partners’ observed behaviors. Results showed that perpetration of dating aggression from one partner is linked to more negative behaviors from the other partner during the discussion. This association, however, is moderated by negative anticipation of the discussion; the link between aggression from one’s partner and negative behaviors is significant at high levels (+1 SD) but not at low levels (–1 SD)of negative anticipation. One’s own dating aggression also relates to fewer positive behaviors during the discussion. Findings suggest that couple aggression spills over to and potentially degrades the discussion of even nonthreatening, potentially enjoyable communications. Results also underscore negative anticipation of an interaction as a potential risky process that increases the likelihood of antagonistic exchanges between partners. The discussion addresses putative pathways between partner aggression and generalized communication patterns, and potential bi-directional effects with negative anticipation. We also discuss practical implications and targets of intervention to counteract the establishment of problematic communication dynamics in young couples.
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Treatment-induced neuroplasticity after anomia therapy in post-stroke aphasia : a systematic review of neuroimaging studies
Simic, Tijana; Desjardins, Marie-Ève; Courson, Melody; Bedetti, Christophe; Houzé, Bérengère; Brambati, Simona Maria; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Elsevier, 2023-08-24)
We systematically reviewed the literature on neural changes following anomia treatment post-stroke. We conducted electronic searches of CINAHL, Cochrane Trials, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE-in-Process and PsycINFO databases; two independent raters assessed all abstracts and full texts. Accepted studies reported original data on adults with post-stroke aphasia, who received behavioural treatment for anomia, and magnetic resonance brain imaging (MRI) pre- and post-treatment. Search results yielded 2481 citations; 33 studies were accepted. Most studies employed functional MRI and the quality of reporting neuroimaging methodology was variable, particularly for pre-processing steps and statistical analyses. The most methodologically robust data were synthesized, focusing on pre- versus post-treatment contrasts. Studies more commonly reported increases (versus decreases) in activation following naming therapy, primarily in the left supramarginal gyrus, and left/bilateral precunei. Our findings highlight the methodological heterogeneity across MRI studies, and the paucity of robust evidence demonstrating direct links between brain and behaviour in anomia rehabilitation.
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An examination of semantic performance in mild cognitive impairment progressors and nonprogressors
Delage, Émilie; Rouleau, Isabelle; Akzam-Ouellette, Marc-Antoine; Roy-Côté, Frédérique; Joubert, Sven; Consortium for Early Identification of Alzheimer's disease-Quebec; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (American psychological association, 2024-02-15)
Background. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and about half of older people with MCI will progress to AD within the next five years. The aim of the present study was to compare the semantic performance of MCI progressors (MCI-p) and non-progressors (MCI-np). The hypothesis was that MCI-p would present with poorer semantic performance relative to MCI-np at baseline, indicating that semantic deficits may increase the risk of future decline toward AD. Method. Fifty-six MCI participants (aged 65-89) from the CIMA-Q study were analyzed, with 18 progressing and 38 remaining stable over two years. ANCOVA assessed their initial semantic and non-semantic cognitive performance, and mixed ANOVAs gauged longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline at the 2-year follow-up. Results. In the semantic domain, MCI-p performed significantly worse than MCI-np at baseline on two semantic tests (category fluency and object decision). In other cognitive domains, MCI-p performed worse than MCI-np on a test of executive functions (cognitive flexibility) but showed similar performance on a test of episodic memory. There were no significant differences between groups in the rates of progression on semantic tests over the 2-year period, but a steeper decline was observed in MCI-p at follow-up on tests of global cognition, episodic memory, and processing speed. Conclusion. This suggest that MCI patients who present with semantic memory impairment in addition to episodic memory impairment are at greater risk of future progression to AD.
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Vulnerability to semantic and phonological interference in normal aging and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI)
Chasles, Marie-Joëlle; Joubert, Sven; Cole, Jessica; Delage, Émilie; Rouleau, Isabelle; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (American Psychological Association, 2024)
Objective: To determine whether the increased vulnerability to semantic interference previously observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is specifically associated with semantic material or if it also affects other types of material, suggesting generalized executive and inhibitory impairment. Method: Seventy-two participants divided into two groups (33 aMCI, 39 normal control [NC]) matched for age and education were included. They completed a comprehensive neuropsychological examination, the French version of the Loewenstein Acevedo Scale for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L; semantic interference test), and a homologous experimental phonological test, the phonological interference and learning test. Independent sample t tests, mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on memory and interference scores were conducted to compare memory and interference in both conditions for both groups. Results: For memory scores, results revealed significant main effects of group (NC > aMCI) and condition (semantic > phonological) and significant interactions (poorer performance in the semantic condition for aMCI). aMCI committed more phonological false recognition errors, were disproportionately more vulnerable to retroactive semantic interference, and showed a higher percentage of intrusion errors associated with proactive semantic interference than NC. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare vulnerability to interference in aMCI and normal aging with two similarly designed semantic and phonological word list learning tasks. Taken together, our results suggest that aMCI present with broad difficulties in source memory and inhibition, but that impaired deep semantic processing results in additional semantic intrusion errors during proactive interference and impacts their ability to show good recall after an interference list (greater semantic retroactive interference). Results are discussed according to the level-of-processing and activation/monitoring theories.
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Transition readiness assessment questionnaire : skill gaps and psychosocial predictors of transition readiness among adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions
Chapados, Pascale; Provencher, Sabrina; Aramideh, Jennifer; Dumont, Émilie; Lugasi, Tziona; Laverdière, Caroline; Sultan, Serge; Desjardins, Leandra; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Wiley, 2023-08-03)
Background Transferring from paediatric to adult care can be challenging. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic health conditions need to develop a specific set of skills to ensure lifelong medical follow-up due to the chronicity of their condition. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire—French version (TRAQ-FR) is a 19-item questionnaire measuring such skills. The aims of the study were to (1) describe participant characteristics and (2) identify constructs related to, and predictors of, having learned domain-specific transition readiness skills. Methods Participants included 216 AYAs aged 14–20 years (M = 15.93; SD = 1.35; 54.1% male) recruited from five outpatient clinics in a Canadian tertiary hospital. AYAs completed the TRAQ-FR, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results Overall, participants reported significantly higher scores on the Talking with Providers, Managing Daily Activities and Managing Medications subscales than on the Appointment Keeping and Tracking Health Issues subscales (F[41075] = 168.970, p < .001). At the item level, median scores (on a 5-point Likert scale) suggest that AYAs had begun practising five of the 19 skills (median scores ≥4; ‘Yes, I have started doing this’), while a median score of 1 (‘No, I don't know how’) was found for one item (‘Do you get financial help with school or work?’). At the subscale level, TRAQ-FR skills and skill gaps were related to AYAs' age, sex and PedsQL scores (ps < .05). Conclusion Older and female AYAs were more likely to have begun practising specific TRAQ-FR subscale skills. Better psychosocial functioning was also related to having learned specific transition readiness skills. AYAs show several gaps in transition readiness. Targeted intervention in transition readiness skill development could take into account AYAs' age, sex and psychosocial functioning for a successful transfer to adult care.
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Contributing factors to well-being in a sample of long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia : the role of social support in emotional regulation
Bourdeau, Camille; Lippé, Sarah; Robaey, Philippe; Rondeau, Émélie; Krajinovic, Maja; Sinnett, Daniel; Laverdière, Caroline; Sultan, Serge; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Taylor and Francis, 2024-01-09)
Objectives. To understand why some long-term childhood cancer survivors experience positive adjustment in the long run, this study aimed to 1) explore associations between well-being, health status, social support, and emotion regulation (ER) strategies in a cohort of long-term childhood lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) survivors, 2) identify the individual contribution of each ER strategy to well-being 3) and their interaction with social support. Methods. We used data from 92 participants from the PETALE cohort (51% female, aged 24 ± 7 years). Measures included well-being (WHO-5), health status (15D), social support (SSQ-6), cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression (ERQ), and emotional processing and expression (EAC). We modeled the odds of high well-being adjusting for health status in logistic regressions and explored the moderating role of social support with bootstrap techniques. Independent of clinical history, high well-being was associated with better health status, higher social support, more frequent use of cognitive reappraisal and emotional processing. Results. We found a main contribution of emotional processing to well-being (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.09-5.37). The interaction between low suppression and high social support was significant (OR = .40, 95% CI = .13-.79). Probabilities for high well-being were 96% when expressive suppression was low and social support was high. Results suggest approaching one’s own emotions may contribute to well-being in long-term childhood cancer survivors. Clinical implications. Combining curbing emotional suppression with promoting supportive social environment could be a promising target for future supportive care interventions in survivors.
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Cancer-related fatigue : scoping review to synthesize a definition for childhood cancer survivors
Lévesque, Ariane; Caru, Maxime; Duval, Michel; Laverdière, Caroline; Marjerrison, Stacey; Sultan, Serge; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Springer, 2023-03-24)
Context There is no universal definition of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) specific to childhood cancer survivors, despite this population facing unique long-term side effects from their cancer. We aimed to synthesize and combine existing definitions of CRF specific to this context to inform on the necessity of a panel of experts to formulate a new definition of CRF for childhood cancer survivors. Methods The literature search was performed in various databases. Titles, abstracts, and keywords were screened by two researchers to confirm eligibility. The data extraction process was performed by two researchers. Our search was conducted in various databases. Results Thirty articles were included in the qualitative analysis. Two coders reached consensus on 14 codes. The thematization process produced 4 themes: frequency, context, attributes, and consequences of CRF. These themes were used to synthesize a definition of CRF, as follows: “In childhood cancer survivors, cancer-related fatigue is a common late effect of cancer and cancer treatments. It is characterized by a subjective, persistent, and multidimensional experience that differs from normal fatigue in the physical, emotional, and/or cognitive spheres. Cancer-related fatigue may have a variety of negative consequences including a reduced quality of life and level of functioning, a lack of vigor, work difficulties, relationship issues, and emotional distress.” Conclusion A definition of CRF applicable to childhood cancer survivors is timely to organize research efforts and design appropriate interventions. The proposed definition is a first step towards the formulation of a new definition of CRF specific to childhood cancer survivors by experts.
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Feasibility study of taking back control together, an intervention to support parents of children with cancer
Lévesque, Ariane; Ogez, David; Gravel, Vivianne; Marcil, Valérie; Curnier, Daniel; Rondeau, Émélie; Sinnett, Daniel; Péloquin, Katherine; Sultan, Serge; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Springer, 2023-12-21)
Introduction Parents of children with cancer can experience increased emotional distress. This study aimed to assess the feasibility (i.e., reach, treatment fidelity, and social validity) of Taking Back Control Together (TBCT). Methods We assessed reach with the enrollment and dropout ratios. We assessed treatment fidelity using items from existing programs, controlling for the reliability of the items. For social validity, we used an adapted version of the Treatment Evaluation Inventory and compared means with theoretical cut-points. Results 42 participants enrolled in the intervention. The enrollment and dropout ratios were 39% and 38%, respectively. Treatment fidelity was 77.3–84.3% (95%CI 75.3–86%). Acceptability (M = 90%), satisfaction (M = 87%), and relevance (M = 82%) were significantly positive. Conclusion This study suggests that certain elements of TBCT need to be reassessed before the intervention is pilot tested. Although reach was likely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, it could be improved with some modifications to the intervention.
Embargo
What contributes to false belief understanding in childhood? : a multidimensional approach
Aubuchon, Olivier; Libenstein, Jamie; Moënner, Marina; Séguin, Marilou; Bellerose, Jenny; Bernier, Annie; Beauchamp, Miriam; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Elsevier, 2023-10-16)
False belief understanding (FBU), a core component of Theory of Mind (ToM), refers to the capacity to understand that other individuals act according to their beliefs even when those beliefs are inaccurate. FBU is an important aspect of socio-cognitive development in early childhood. A range of sociodemographic, temperamental, cognitive, and family factors are known to contribute separately to individual differences in FBU; however, these domains are typically studied in silos. This longitudinal study aimed to examine which of these factors are associated with FBU around the time of school entry. We evaluated 102 typically developing children at 2–5.5 years (predictive factors) and then at 4–7.5 years of age (FBU). The findings indicate that cognitive and family factors during the preschool years are associated with FBU at school entry. Specifically, child vocabulary and parent-child interaction quality were significant independent predictors of FBU.
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Collaborative research and knowledge translation on road crashes in Burkina Faso : the police perspective 18 months on
Dagenais, Christian; Proulx, Michelle; Mc Sween-Cadieux, Esther; Nikiema, Aude; Bonnet, Emmanuel; Ridde, Valery; Somé, Paul-André; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (BMC, 2021-01-06)
In this commentary, we present a follow-up of two articles published in 2017 and 2018 about road traffic crashes, which is an important public health issue in Africa and Burkina Faso. The first article reported on a research project, conducted in partnership with local actors involved in road safety, carried out in Ouagadougou in 2015. Its aim was to test the effectiveness, acceptability, and capacity of a surveillance system to assess the number of road traffic crashes and their consequences on the health of crash victims. Several knowledge translation activities were carried out to maximize its impact and were reported in the 2018 article published in HRPS: monthly reports presenting the research data, large-format printed maps distributed to the city’s police stations, and a deliberative workshop held at the end of the research project. The present commentary presents our efforts to deepen our understanding of the impacts of the knowledge translation strategy, based on follow-up interviews, 18 months after the workshop, with the heads of the road traffic crash units in Ouagadougou police stations (n = 5). Several benefits were reported by respondents. Their involvement in the process prompted them to broaden their knowledge of other ways of dealing with the issue of road crashes. This led them, sometimes with their colleagues, to intervene differently: more rapid response at collision sites, increased surveillance of dangerous intersections, user awareness-raising on the importance of the highway code, etc. However, sustaining these actions over the longer term has proven difficult. Several lessons were derived from this experience, regarding the importance of producing useful and locally applicable research data, of ensuring the acceptability of the technologies used for data collection, of using collaborative approaches in research and knowledge translation, of ensuring the visibility of actions undertaken by actors in the field, and of involving decision-makers in the research process to maximize its impacts.
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Use and effectiveness of policy briefs as a knowledge transfer tool : a scoping review
Arnautu, Diana; Dagenais, Christian; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Springer Nature, 2021-09-13)
There is a significant gap between researchers’ production of evidence and its use by policymakers. Several knowledge transfer strategies have emerged in the past years to promote the use of research. One of those strategies is the policy brief; a short document synthesizing the results of one or multiple studies. This scoping study aims to identify the use and effectiveness of policy briefs as a knowledge transfer strategy. Twenty-two empirical articles were identified, spanning 35 countries. Results show that policy briefs are considered generally useful, credible and easy to understand. The type of audience is an essential component to consider when writing a policy brief. Introducing a policy brief sooner rather than later might have a bigger impact since it is more effective in creating a belief rather than changing one. The credibility of the policy brief’s author is also a factor taken into consideration by decision-makers. Further research needs to be done to evaluate the various forms of uses of policy briefs by decision-makers.
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Using digital platforms in schools for prevention and health promotion : a scoping review
Dagenais, Christian; Proulx, Michelle; Mc Sween-Cadieux, Esther; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Paris scholar publishing, 2022-03)
Objective: Digital platforms for prevention and health promotion (PHP) are now, more than ever, available for use by school professionals, including teachers. However, little is known about what motivates them to use such platforms. A scoping review (ScR) was conducted to identify conditions that promote use by school professionals, including teachers, of PHP digital platforms at schools. Methods: For our ScR, we accessed ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases (period 2000-2018) in 3 sectors: education, health, online technologies. For each study, we prepared and validated a summary sheet. Contents dealing with conditions for use were subjected to open coding, grouped into categories, and synthesized. Results: Of the 3639 articles captured, 17 studies were selected. Five conditions emerged: (1) ensuring that the digital platform becomes a reference for PHP activity in schools; (2) that the resources needed for its uptake are mobilized; (3) that it is user-friendly; (4) that the digital platform engages the participation of everyone involved; and (5) that it is linked to existing programs in the school. Conclusion: These results can guide the activities deployed in schools for optimal implementation of PHP programs from digital platforms.
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How does explicit knowledge inform policy shaping? The case of Burkina Faso’s national social protection policy
Kadio, Kadidiatou; Dagenais, Christian; Ridde, Valery; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Public Library of Science, 2023-04-27)
In 2009, Burkina Faso embarked on a process leading to the development of a national social protection policy (politique nationale de protection sociale–PNPS) in 2012. The objective of this study was to analyze the circumstances under which explicit knowledge was used to inform the process of emergence and formulation PNPS. The term explicit knowledge excludes tacit and experiential knowledge, taking into account research data, grey literature, and monitoring data. Court and Young’s conceptual framework was adapted by integrating concepts from political science, such as Kingdon’s Multiple Streams framework. Discursive and documentary data were collected from 30 respondents from national and international institutions. Thematic analysis guided the data processing. Results showed that use of peer-reviewed academic research was not explicitly mentioned by respondents, in contrast to other types of knowledge, such as national statistical data, reports on government program evaluations, and reports on studies by international institutions and NGOs, also called technical and financial partners (TFPs). The emergence phase was more informed by grey literature and monitoring data. In this phase, national actors deepened and increased their knowledge (conceptual use) on the importance and challenges of social protection. The role of explicit knowledge in the formulation phase was nuanced. The actors’ thinking was little guided by the question of whether the solutions had the capacity to solve the problem in the Burkina Faso context. Choices were based very little on analysis of strategies (effectiveness, equity, unintended effects) and their applicability (cost, acceptability, feasibility). This way of working was due in part to actors’ limited knowledge on social protection and the lack of government guidance on strategic choices. Strategic use was clearly identified. It involved citing knowledge (reports on studies conducted by TFPs) to justify the utility and feasibility of a PNPS. Instrumental use consisted of drawing from workshop presentations and study reports when writing sections of the PNPS. The consideration of a recommendation based on explicit knowledge was influenced by perceived political gains, i.e., potential social and political consequences.
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Conditions d’utilisation du référent ÉKIP et de sa plateforme numérique pour favoriser la santé, le bienêtre et la réussite éducative des élèves du Québec
Dagenais, Christian; Proulx, Michelle; Gingras, Marie-Eve; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Revue des sciences de l’éducation, 2023-06-15)
Par l’entremise de sa plateforme numérique, le référent ÉKIP est accessible aux professionnel⋅le⋅s du Québec des réseaux de l’éducation et de la santé et des services sociaux qui s’impliquent dans la promotion de la santé en milieu scolaire pour la santé, le bienêtre et la réussite éducative des jeunes. Une cartographie conceptuelle, sept groupes de discussion et une revue systématique de portée ont permis de développer une stratégie favorisant l’utilisation d’ÉKIP dans les écoles primaires et secondaires du réseau scolaire public et privé du Québec. Nous présentons les résultats de la cartographie et des groupes de discussion ainsi que les grandes lignes d’une stratégie de déploiement d’ÉKIP. Les principaux résultats obtenus par la revue systématique de portée sont présentés brièvement en appui au développement de la stratégie.
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Lessons learned from field experiences on hospitals’ resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic : a systematic approach
Dagenais, Christian; Kielende, Muriel; Coulibaly, Abdourahmane; Gautier, Lara; Pierre-Marie, David; Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan; Honda, Ayako; Araújo Oliveira, Sydia Rosana de; Traverson, Lola; Zinszer, Kate; Ridde, Valery; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Taylor and Francis, 2023-07-20)
In this concluding article of the special issue, we examine lessons learned from hospitals’ resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, and Mali. A quality lesson learned (QLL) results from a systematic process of collecting, compiling, and analyzing data derived ideally from sustained effort over the life of a research project and reflecting both positive and negative experiences. To produce QLLs as part of this research project, a guide to their development was drafted. The systematic approach we adopted to formulate quality lessons, while certainly complex, took into account the challenges faced by the different stakeholders involved in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present a comparative analysis of the lessons learned by hospitals and their staff with regard to four common themes that were the subject of empirical analyses: 1) infrastructure reorganization; 2) human resources management; 3) prevention and control of infection risk; and 4) logistics and supply. The lessons learned from the resilience of the hospitals included in this research indicate several factors to consider in preparing for a health crisis: 1) strengthening the coordination and leadership capacities of hospital managers and health authorities; 2) improving communication strategies; 3) strengthening organizational capacity; and 4) adapting resources and strategies, including for procurement and infection risk management.
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Learning and vulnerability to phonological and semantic interference in normal aging : an experimental study
Chasles, Marie-Joëlle; Joubert, Sven; Cole, Jessica; Delage, Émilie; Rouleau, Isabelle; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Taylor and Francis, 2022-12-07)
This study compares semantic and phonological interference vulnerability across the full range of learning processes. Method: 43 controls aged 61–88 underwent a neuropsychological examination, French adaptation of the LASSI-L, and an experimental phonological test, the TIP-A. Paired sample t-tests, factorial ANOVA and hierarchical regressions were conducted, psychometric properties were calculated. Results: TIP-A efficiently generated phonological interference between concurrent word lists and was associated with short-term memory, unlike LASSI-L. On LASSI-L, proactive interference was higher than retroactive interference; the opposite pattern was found on TIP-A. Memory performance was better explained by age in the semantic than in the phonological task. Age was not associated with interference vulnerability. Intrusions and false recognition were associated with cognitive functioning regardless of age, particularly in the semantic context. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess phonological and semantic interference using homologous concurrent word list tasks, and not a working memory build-up or DRM paradigm. The pattern obtained illustrates the weak initial memory trace in a phonological context and results are discussed according to depth-of-processing and dual-process theories. Similar paradigms could be studied among various pathologies for a better understanding of generalised interference vulnerability vs. specific semantic or phonological impairment.
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Smartphone use as an efficient tool to improve anomia in primary progressive aphasia
Joubert, Sven; Maquestiaux, François; Enriquez-Rosas, Adriana-Maria; Villalpando, Juan Manuel; Brodeur, Catherine; Bier, Nathalie; Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie (Taylor and Francis, 2023-03-05)
Cognitive interventions are helpful in the non-pharmacologicalmanagement of Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and otherneurodegenerative disorders of cognition, by helpingpatients to compensate for their cognitive deficits andimprove their functional independence. In this study, weexamined the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation basedon the use of mobile device technology in PPA. The aim ofthis research study was to determine if BL, a patient withsemantic variant PPA (svPPA) and severe anomia, was able tolearn using specific smartphone functions and an applicationto reduce her wordfinding difficulties. She was trainedduring the intervention sessions on a list of target pictures tomeasure changes in picture naming performance. Errorlesslearning was applied during learning. BL quickly learned touse smartphone functions and the application over thecourse of the intervention. She significantly improved heranomia for trained pictures, and to a lesser extent foruntrained semantically related pictures. Picture namingperformance was maintained six months after theintervention, and she continued to use her smartphoneregularly to communicate with family members and friends.This study confirms that smartphone use can be learned inPPA, which can help reduce the symptoms of anomia andimprove communication skills.

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