Faculté de médecine vétérinaire – Travaux et publications

URI permanent de cette collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1866/19187

Cette collection accueille les publications savantes et d’autres types de travaux d’auteur.e.s associé.e.s à cette unité. Voir aussi la collection Thèses et mémoires de l'unité.

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Irisin decreases follicle development in cattle and inhibits theca cell steroidogenesis through focal adhesion kinase signaling
Daudon, Mathilde; Ramé, Christelle; Barreta, Marcos H.; Antoniazzi, Alfredo Q.; Portela, Valério M.; Meza-Serrano, Europa; Price, Christopher A.; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (BioScientifica, 2025-03)
At the onset of lactation, dairy cattle are anestrous owing mainly to a state of negative energy balance. Adipose tissue is mobilized to meet the energy demands of milk production, and this alters the secretion of adipose-derived hormones, called adipokines. Irisin is a myokine/adipokine that may play a role in fertility; plasma concentrations increase in cattle post-partum, and irisin decreased progesterone and estradiol secretion from bovine granulosa cells in vitro. To our knowledge, the effects of irisin on bovine theca cell function in vitro and on follicle growth in vivo have not been reported. We hypothesized that irisin negatively affects theca cell function in vitro and causes follicle regression in vivo, using well established bovine models. Under physiological concentrations of insulin (0.2 ng/mL), irisin did not affect glucose uptake, but decreased testosterone secretion and stimulated PTK2 and mTOR phosphorylation. Inhibiting PTK2 activity abolished the ability of irisin to decrease testosterone secretion. Injection of irisin directly into a growing follicle in vivo caused follicle regression. We conclude that irisin decreases bovine theca cell steroidogenesis through PTK2 signaling, and combined effects on theca and granulosa cells cause follicle regression.
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Characterization of microRNA candidates at the primary site of infectious bronchitis virus infection: A comparative study of in vitro and in vivo avian models
O’Dowd, Kelsey; Safieh, Vatandour; Ahamed, Sadhiya S.; Boulianne, Martine; Dozois, Charles M.; Gagnon, Carl A.; Barjesteh, Neda; Abdul-Careem , Mohamed Faizal; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Public Library of Science, 2025-03-11)
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an important avian pathogen with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. IBV is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), a primarily respiratory disease affecting chickens, with the ability to disseminate to other organ systems, such as the gastrointestinal, renal, lymphoid, and reproductive systems. Tracheal epithelial cells are the primary target of IBV, and these cells play a vital role in the effective induction of the antiviral response and eventual clearance of IBV. The host immune system is regulated by a number of different molecular players, including micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs), which are small, conserved, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression of complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences, resulting in gene silencing through translational repression or target degradation. The goal of this study was to characterize and compare the microRNA expression profiles in chicken tracheal epithelial cells (cTECs) in vitro and the trachea in vivo upon IBV Delmarva/1639 (DMV/1639) or IBV Massachusetts 41 (Mass41) infections. We hypothesized that IBV infection influences the expression of the host microRNA expression profiles. cTECs and young specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were infected with IBV DMV/1639 or IBV Mass41 and the microRNA expression at 3 and 18 hours post-infection (hpi) in the cTECs and at 4 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) in the trachea were determined using small RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the profile of differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs is largely dependent on the IBV strain and time point of sample collection. Furthermore, we predicted the interaction between host microRNA and IBV viral RNA using microRNA-RNA interaction prediction platforms. We identified several candidate microRNAs suitable for future functional studies, such as gga-miR-155, gga-miR-1388a, gga-miR-7/7b and ggamiR- 21-5p. Characterizing the interaction between IBV and the host cells at the level of microRNA regulation provides further insight into the regulatory mechanisms involved in viral infection and host defense in chickens following IBV infection.
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Comparison of nasal swabs and handmade foam cubes for detecting equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
Charbonnel, Anna; Lavoie, Jean-Pierre; Juette, Tristan; Grenier St-Sauveur, Valérie; Denis, Serge; Gagnon, Carl A.; Leclère, Mathilde; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (2025)
The control of equine respiratory infections is a biosecurity challenge. Respiratory viruses are often rapidly detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on nasal swabs. In the past, some laboratories developed handmade techniques to increase the amount of nasal secretions collected, without comparing them with nasal swabs when qPCR replaced the use of viral culture. The objectives of this study were to compare nasal swabs and handmade foam cubes for i) the detection of a common equine herpesvirus (EHV-5) by qPCR, and ii) their tolerability. Forty-five polyester swabs and foam cubes were used to sample 9 horses 5 times. These were then analyzed by qPCR for EHV-5. Agreement of qPCR results (positive, suspect, negative) was assessed using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and the avoidance scores were compared using a proportional odds mixed model. The ICC showed moderate agreement (0.61, P , 0.001). Twenty-seven percent of the samples were positive or suspect with either swabs or foam cubes, whereas 18% were strictly positive with swabs and 11% with foam cubes. Avoidance scores were not statistically different. Both methods have an acceptable agreement. Handmade foam cubes did not provide additional diagnostic value compared to polyester swabs, which is the method presently recommended.
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Correlation between coral lesions and skin hyperpigmentation in reef fish of the Southwest coast of Grenada
Rubin, Bastien; Doucet, Michèle; Binning, Sandra Ann; Gara-Boivin, Carolyn; Bouchard, Émile; Marancik, David; Vergneau-Grosset, Claire; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (University of Puerto Rico (Mayagüez Campus), 2024-09-11)
Marine ecosystems rely on hard corals. Since 2014, a rapidly spreading disease causing stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has devastated coral reefs in the Caribbean. In 2019, corals exhibiting necrotic lesions compatible with SCTLD were documented on the coast of Grenada in the West Indies. These lesions, hereafter called Stony Coral Necrotic Lesions (SCNL), are associated with coral death. Concomitantly on the same reefs, signs of skin hyperpigmentation were detected in French grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum) and ocean surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus). This field study investigated potential correlations between SCNL abundance in representative transects and fish hyperpigmentation across 12 dive sites on Grenada's Southwest coast. The percentage of corals displaying SCNL was 45% of hard coral colonies. The study found a significant correlation (P = 0.004) between the percentage of fish affected by hyperpigmentation in a given reef and the abundance of SCNL in corals of the same dive site on evaluated transects. Sites located in St-Georges Bay also tended to have a higher proportion of diseased corals, but no significant difference was noted between study regions. This preliminary study provides insights into SCNL in Grenada and establishes a foundation for future longitudinal investigations including further evaluation of human-induced stressors that may threaten coral and fish health and make them more susceptible to diseases.
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Sex cord-stromal (granulosa cell) tumor in an ovotestis from a cow
St-Jean, Guillaume; Charreton-Sanford, Véronique; Pesant, Marie-Jeanne; Zamberlam, Gustavo; Boyer, Alexandre; Beaudoin, Gabrielle; Gagnon, Carl A.; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Association canadienne des médecins vétérinaires, 2024-11)
Development of gonadal tumors within an ovotestis is rare in mammals and this disturbance was not reported in cows. We report herein a gonadal stromal (granulosa cell) tumor in an ovotestis of a 15-month-old heifer from which the reproductive tract was obtained from a local slaughterhouse. Histopathological evaluation revealed that the gonads were ovotestis, but also a coincidental sex cordstromal (granulosa cell) tumor. The sex chromosome type was determined to be XX, suggesting an XX ovotesticular disorder of sexual development with uterus and a female phenotype. Key clinical message: Disorders of sexual development are common in mammals. Gonadal tumors in disorders of sexual development are rarely reported and have not been reported in cows.
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First detection of Duck adenovirus 4 (DAdV-4) in Canada.
Gagnon, Carl A.; Grenier St-Sauveur, Valérie; Köszegi, Marika; Bourgault, Andrée; Larochelle, Danielle; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Canadian Veterinary Medical Association, 2024-09)
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Use of a shuttle box model to assess the behavioral and analgesic effects of opioid injections in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Romano Noriega, Jacobo; Levet, Marie; Binning, Sandra Ann; Vergneau-Grosset, Claire; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (American Veterinary Medical Association, 2024-09-05)
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if opioid-induced behavioral effects, such as sedation, can be detected using a shuttle box experimental apparatus and whether thermal preference following noxious stimulation using mustard oil is reversed by morphine administration in fish. METHODS 5 goldfish (Carassius auratus) underwent 2 randomized blinded experimental trials, with a crossover study design. First, opioid effects were tested in a shuttle box without painful stimulus. Fish were injected 5 days apart with butorphanol at 0.4 or 10 mg/kg, morphine at 5 or 10 mg/kg, or saline IM. After 30 minutes, each fish was placed in a shuttle box for 2 hours with a temperature gradient of 26 to 28 °C. Temperature preference, time spent immobile, and swimming velocity were assessed. The second trial consisted of cutaneous noxious stimulation using mustard oil immersion for 5 minutes followed by an assessment of thermal preference for 4 minutes in the shuttle box after either morphine at 10 mg/kg or saline IM injections. Linear mixed models were used to compare treatment groups. RESULTS Before noxious stimulation, a low dose of morphine caused sedation compared with control group and high-dose morphine and butorphanol treatments. Immersion in mustard oil caused fish to spend more time in the cold area in the control group. Morphine administration reversed this pattern. CONCLUSIONS The sedative and analgesic effects of opioids were detected through this model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The shuttle box model could be used to assess the analgesic effects of other opioids in goldfish while reducing biases associated with the sedative and stimulatory effects of these drugs.
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Lung ultrasonography used as a diagnostic test for bronchopneumonia diagnosis in calves: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Buczinski, Sébastien; Gomes, Viviani; Poirier, Marie-Claude; Berman, Julie; Dendukuri, Nandini; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (2024-08-22)
Protocol of a systematic review focussing on the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of cattle bronchopneumonia.
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Complete genome sequence of a Circovirus pigeon strain in lymphocyte-depleted bursa of Fabricius of a Common Raven (Corvus corax)
Pesant, Marie-Jeanne; Ferrell, Shannon T.; Köszegi, Marika; Baby, Vincent; Grenier St-Sauveur, Valérie; Valle-Tejada, Camila Andrea; Lair, Stéphane; Gagnon, Carl A.; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Elsevier, 2024-08-30)
A necropsy was performed on a Common Raven (Corvus corax) presenting an opportunistic fungal respiratory infection and a bursal lymphoid depletion with inclusion bodies, suggestive of a circovirus infection. High-throughput sequencing of circular DNA in the bursa of Fabricius revealed a complete genome sequence of a Circovirus pigeon strain.
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High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cats recently exposed to human cases
Daigle, Laurence; Khalid, Hattaw; Gagnon, Carl A.; Arsenault, Julie; Bienzle, Dorothee; Bisson, Sarah-Kim; Blais, Marie-Claude; Denis-Robichaud, José; Forest, Caroline; Grenier St-Sauveur, Valérie; Köszegi, Marika; MacNicol, Jennifer; Nantel-Fortier, Nicolas; Nury, Charlotte; Prystajecky, Natalie; Fraser, Erin; Carabin, Hélène; Aenishaenslin, Cécile; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (BMC, 2024-07-09)
Background The primary objective of this cross-sectional study, conducted in Québec and Bristish Columbia (Canada) between February 2021 and January 2022, was to measure the prevalence of viral RNA in oronasal and rectal swabs and serum antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) amongst cats living in households with at least one confirmed human case. Secondary objectives included a description of potential risk factors for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and an estimation of the association between the presence of viral RNA in swabs as well as SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and clinical signs. Oronasal and rectal swabs and sera were collected from 55 cats from 40 households at most 15 days after a human case confirmation, and at up to two follow-up visits. A RT-qPCR assay and an ELISA were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs and serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, respectively. Prevalence and 95% Bayesian credibility intervals (BCI) were calculated, and associations were evaluated using prevalence ratio and 95% BCI obtained from Bayesian mixed log-binomial models. Results Nine (0.16; 95% BCI = 0.08–0.28) and 38 (0.69; 95% BCI = 0.56–0.80) cats had at least one positive RT-qPCR and at least one positive serological test result, respectively. No risk factor was associated with the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies. The prevalence of clinical signs suggestive of COVID-19 in cats, mainly sneezing, was 2.12 (95% BCI = 1.03–3.98) times higher amongst cats with detectable viral RNA compared to those without. Conclusions We showed that cats develop antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 when exposed to recent human cases, but detection of viral RNA on swabs is rare, even when sampling occurs soon after confirmation of a human case. Moreover, cats with detectable levels of virus showed clinical signs more often than cats without signs, which can be useful for the management of such cases.
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Anandamide modulates thermal avoidance in caenorhabditis elegans through vanilloid and cannabinoid receptor interplay
Abdollahi, Marzieh; Ben Salem, Jennifer; Castaño Uruena, Jesus David; Beaudry, Francis; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Springer, 2024-03-27)
Understanding the endocannabinoid system in C. elegans may offer insights into basic biological processes and potential therapeutic targets for managing pain and inflammation in human. It is well established that anandamide modulates pain perception by binding to cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors, regulating neurotransmitter release and neuronal activity. One objective of this study was to demonstrate the suitability of C. elegans as a model organism for assessing the antinociceptive properties of bioactive compounds and learning about the role of endocannabinoid system in C. elegans. The evaluation of the compound anandamide (AEA) revealed antinociceptive activity by impeding C. elegans nocifensive response to noxious heat. Proteomic and bioinformatic investigations uncovered several pathways activated by AEA. Enrichment analysis unveiled significant involvement of ion homeostasis pathways, which are crucial for maintaining neuronal function and synaptic transmission, suggesting AEA's impact on neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, pathways related to translation, protein synthesis, and mTORC1 signaling were enriched, highlighting potential mechanisms underlying AEA's antinociceptive effects. Thermal proteome profiling identified NPR-32 and NPR-19 as primary targets of AEA, along with OCR-2, Cathepsin B, Progranulin, Transthyretin, and ribosomal proteins. These findings suggest a complex interplay between AEA and various cellular processes implicated in nociceptive pathways and inflammation modulation. Further investigation into these interactions could provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of AEA and its targets for the management of pain-related conditions.
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Host immune response modulation in avian coronavirus infection : tracheal transcriptome profiling in vitro and in vivo
O’Dowd, Kelsey; Isham, Ishara M.; Vatandour, Safieh; Boulianne, Martine; Dozois, Charles M.; Gagnon, Carl A.; Barjesteh, Neda; Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (MDPI, 2024-04-14)
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious Gammacoronavirus causing moderate to severe respiratory infection in chickens. Understanding the initial antiviral response in the respiratory mucosa is crucial for controlling viral spread. We aimed to characterize the impact of IBV Delmarva (DMV)/1639 and IBV Massachusetts (Mass) 41 at the primary site of infection, namely, in chicken tracheal epithelial cells (cTECs) in vitro and the trachea in vivo. We hypothesized that some elements of the induced antiviral responses are distinct in both infection models. We inoculated cTECs and infected young specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with IBV DMV/1639 or IBV Mass41, along with mock-inoculated controls, and studied the transcriptome using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) at 3 and 18 h post-infection (hpi) for cTECs and at 4 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) in the trachea. We showed that IBV DMV/1639 and IBV Mass41 replicate in cTECs in vitro and the trachea in vivo, inducing host mRNA expression profiles that are strain- and time-dependent. We demonstrated the different gene expression patterns between in vitro and in vivo tracheal IBV infection. Ultimately, characterizing host–pathogen interactions with various IBV strains reveals potential mechanisms for inducing and modulating the immune response during IBV infection in the chicken trachea.
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DUSP1 mRNA modulation during porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-infection regulates viruses replication
Burgher Pulgaron, Yaima; Provost, Chantale; Alvarez, Fernando; Meza-Serrano, Europa; Pesant, Marie-Jeanne; Price, Christopher A.; Gagnon, Carl A.; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Elsevier, 2023-12-01)
The effects of porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) co-infection in epithelial cells of the swine respiratory tract is unknown. In the present study, the newborn pig trachea cell line NPTr-CD163, which is permissive to both viruses, was persistently infected with PCV2b and then with PRRSV. Viral replication, cell viability, cytokines’ mRNA expression, and modulation of cellular genes expression were evaluated in infected cells. In NPTr-CD163 co-infection model, PCV2b replication was enhanced while PRRSV replication was suppressed. Cell viability was significantly decreased during PCV2b single infection and co-infection compared to mock-infected and PRRSV single infected cells. However, no difference was observed in cell viability between PCV2b and PCV2b/PRRSV infected cells. The IL6, IL8 and IL10 mRNA expression was significantly higher in co-infected cells compared to PCV2b and PRRSV single infected cells. Moreover, the IFN-α/β expression was significantly reduced in co-infected cells compared to PCV2b infected cells whereas it remained higher compared to PRRSV infected cells. The differential gene expression analysis revealed that the mRNA expression level of the cellular gene DUSP1 was significantly higher in all PRRSV infection models compared to PCV2b single infected cells. Knockdown of DUSP1 expression in co-infected cells significantly reduced PCV2b replication, suggesting a role for DUSP1 in PCV2b/PRRSV pathogenesis.
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Cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol antinociceptive activity is mediated by distinct receptors in caenorhabditis elegans
Boujenoui, Fatma; Nkambeu, Bruno; Ben Salem, Jennifer; Castaño Uruena, Jesus David; Beaudry, Francis; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Springer, 2023-11-22)
Cannabis has gained popularity in recent years as a substitute treatment for pain following the risks of typical treatments uncovered by the opioid crisis. The active ingredients frequently associated with pain-relieving effects are the phytocannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), but their effectiveness and mechanisms of action are still under research. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans, an ideal model organism for the study of nociception that expresses mammal ortholog cannabinoid (NPR-19 and NPR-32) and vanilloid (OSM-9 and OCR-2) receptors. Here, we evaluated the antinociceptive activity of THC and CBD, identifying receptor targets and several metabolic pathways activated following exposure to these molecules. The thermal avoidance index was used to phenotype each tested C. elegans experimental group. The data revealed for the first time that THC and CBD decreases the nocifensive response of C. elegans to noxious heat (32°C – 35°C). The effect was reversed 6h post- CBD exposure but not for THC. Further investigations using specific mutants revealed CBD and THC are targeting different systems, namely the vanilloid and cannabinoid systems, respectively. Proteomic analysis revealed differences following Reactome pathways and Gene Ontology Biological Process database enrichment analyses between CBD or THC-treated nematodes and provided insights into potential targets for future drug development.
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Porcine circovirus modulates swine influenza virus replication in pig tracheal epithelial cells and porcine alveolar macrophages
Burgher Pulgaron, Yaima; Provost, Chantale; Pesant, Marie-Jeanne; Gagnon, Carl A.; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (MDPI, 2023-05-20)
The pathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and swine influenza A virus (SwIV) during co-infection in swine respiratory cells is poorly understood. To elucidate the impact of PCV2b/SwIV co-infection, newborn porcine tracheal epithelial cells (NPTr) and immortalized porcine alveolar macrophages (iPAM 3D4/21) were co-infected with PCV2b and SwIV (H1N1 or H3N2 genotype). Viral replication, cell viability and cytokine mRNA expression were determined and compared between single-infected and co-infected cells. Finally, 30mRNA sequencing was performed to identify the modulation of gene expression and cellular pathways in co-infected cells. It was found that PCV2b significantly decreased or improved SwIV replication in co-infected NPTr and iPAM 3D4/21 cells, respectively, compared to single-infected cells. Interestingly, PCV2b/SwIV co-infection synergistically up-regulated IFN expression in NPTr cells, whereas in iPAM 3D4/21 cells, PCV2b impaired the SwIV IFN induced response, both correlating with SwIV replication modulation. RNAsequencing analyses revealed that the modulation of gene expression and enriched cellular pathways during PCV2b/SwIV H1N1 co-infection is regulated in a cell-type-dependent manner. This study revealed different outcomes of PCV2b/SwIV co-infection in porcine epithelial cells and macrophages and provides new insights on porcine viral co-infections pathogenesis.
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Single-step production of autologous bovine platelet concentrate for clinical applications in cattle
Constant, Caroline; Desrochers, André; Gagnon, Carl A.; Provost, Chantale; Nichols, Sylvain; Marchionatti, Emma; Gara-Boivin, Carolyn; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Elsevier, 2022-11-21)
Platelet concentrate (PC) is an alternative therapy to treat mastitis in dairy cattle and is an alternative treatment for reproduction problems such as endometritis. Unfortunately, double-centrifugation processing methods described are time-consuming, require specialized laboratory equipment, and are usually done in a heterologous way, which risks herd health. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated single-step bovine PC processing methods readily applicable to a farm setting using an autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) production system. We investigated the hematologic findings, cytokines, and growth factors of the obtained PC samples. Autologous conditioned plasma was prepared using whole blood (WB) from 4 cows (group 1) using single-step centrifugation and 16 different processing methods. The 2 protocols that yielded the highest ratio of platelet to white blood cell (WBC) concentration were ACP-1 [720 × g (2,200 rpm), 5 min] and ACP-2 [929 × g (2,500 rpm), 3 min]. They were subsequently reproduced and compared using WB from 8 cows (group 2). Hematologic findings were quantified, IL-1β (cytokine) and growth factors [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, bovine fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)] were measured, and enrichment factors were compared between samples and processing methods. Hematological characteristics and platelet enrichment varied markedly among tested protocols and all were statistically different from WB. Protocol ACP-2 resulted in significantly greater platelet enrichment (mean 169% of WB) than ACP-1 (125% of WB). We found no significant difference between the 2 ACP preparation protocols with regard to leukocyte reduction (7.53–9.75% WBC compared with WB) or growth factor enrichment (124–125% PDGF, 95–100% TGF-β, 102–104% b-FGF, and 56–74% IL-1β compared with WB). In conclusion, both ACP protocols yielded a platelet concentration shown to promote healing for clinical applications in cattle, and the ACP-2 protocol resulted in a greater degree of platelet enrichment. Therefore, this protocol could be used for ACP production for clinical applications in cattle.
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Comparative full genome sequence analysis of wild-type and chicken embryo origin vaccine-like infectious laryngotracheitis virus field isolates from Canada
Elshafiee, Esraa A.; Hassan, Mohamed S.H.; Provost, Chantale; Gagnon, Carl A.; Ojkic, Davor; Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Elsevier, 2022-08-14)
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), occurs sporadically in poultry flocks in Canada. Live attenuated chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccines are being used routinely to prevent and control ILTV infections. However, ILT outbreaks still occur since vaccine strains could revert to virulence in the field. In this study, 7 Canadian ILTV isolates linked to ILT outbreaks across different time in Eastern Canada (Ontario; ON and Quebec; QC) were whole genome sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the close relationship between the ON isolates and the CEO vaccines, whereas the QC isolates clustered with strains previously known as CEO revertant and wild-type ILTVs. Recombination network analysis of ILTV sequences revealed clear evidence of historical recombination between ILTV strains circulating in Canada and other geographical regions. The comparison of ON CEO clustered and QC CEO revertant clustered isolates with the LT Blen® CEO vaccine reference sequence showed amino acid differences in 5 and 12 open reading frames (ORFs), respectively. Similar analysis revealed amino acid differences in 32 ORFs in QC wild-type isolates. Compared to all CEO vaccine strains in the public domain, the QC wild-type isolates showed 15 unique mutational sites leading to amino acid changes in 13 ORFs. Our outcomes add to the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind ILTV genetic variance and provide genetic markers between wild-type and vaccine strains.
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Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 circulating in Canadian pigs
Zhang, Maodong; Liu, Chao Chun; Huang, Yanyun; Hil, Janet E.; Bravo Araya, Maria; Ojkic, Davor; Gagnon, Carl A.; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Wiley, 2022-05-30)
Introduction: Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been detected in pigs worldwide and associated with several clinical signs. Methods: To investigate the genetic diversity of PCV3 strains circulating in Canada, 44 PCV3 positive samples from Saskatchewan (2/44), Manitoba (2/44), Quebec (4/44), Alberta (11/44) and Ontario (25/44) submitted to diagnostic laboratories in Canada between 2019 and 2021 were sequenced and analyzed. Results: Phylogenetic analysis of capsid genes showed that all of the 44 Canadian strains classified into PCV3a and segregated into seven lineages with common amino acid changes observed at A24V, R27K, N56D, T77S, Q98R, L150I (F) and R168K positions. Conclusion: Future studies are required to determine whether the polymorphisms in capsid proteins, as revealed in this study, could be associated with differences in the pathogenicity or antigenicity of PCV3 strains. This is the first phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 strains among different provinces in Canada.
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Quebec : avian pathogens identification and genomic characterization : 2021 annual review of the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Université de Montréal
Gagnon, Carl A.; Bournival, Véronique; Köszegi, Marika; Nantel-Fortier, Nicolas; Grenier St-Sauveur, Valérie; Provost, Chantale; Lair, Stéphane; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Canadian veterinary medical association, 2022)
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Whole genome sequencing of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 4 horses in a veterinary teaching hospital and its ambulatory service
Morice, Paloma; Allano, Marion; Provost, Chantale; Fairbrother, Julie-Hélène; Gagnon, Carl A.; Sauvé, Frédéric; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Canadian veterinary medical association, 2021-07)
Genomic characterization was conducted on 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from 2 horses hospitalized during an overlapping period of time and 2 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains isolated from 2 distinct horses. Phylogenetic proximity was traced and the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the antimicrobial resistance of the strains were compared. Whole genome sequencing of MRSA strains for this report was similar but differed from whole genome sequencing of MSSA strains. The MRSA strains were closely related, belonging to sequence type (ST) 612, spa type t1257, and SCCmec type IVd2B. The MSSA strains were also closely related, belonging to ST1660, spa type t3043, and having no detectable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements. All MSRA and MSSA strains were Panton-Valentine leukocidin negative. There were discrepancies in the genotypic analysis and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (phenotypic analysis) of MRSA strains for rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, amikacin, and enrofloxacin.

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