Faculté de médecine dentaire – Travaux et publications

URI permanent de cette collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1866/14148

Cette collection accueille les publications savantes et d’autres types de travaux d’auteur.e.s associé.e.s à cette unité. Voir aussi la collection Thèses et mémoires de l'unité.

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Channel selection for test-time adaptation under distribution shift
Vianna, Pedro; Chaudhary, Muawiz Sajjad; Tang, An; Cloutier, Guy; Wolf, Guy; Eickenberg, Michael; Belilovsky, Eugene; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2023-12-15)
To ensure robustness and generalization to real-world scenarios, test-time adaptation has been recently studied as an approach to adjust models to a new data distribution during inference. Test-time batch normalization is a simple and popular method that achieved compelling performance on domain shift benchmarks by recalculating batch normalization statistics on test batches. However, in many practical applications this technique is vulnerable to label distribution shifts. We propose to tackle this challenge by only selectively adapting channels in a deep network, minimizing drastic adaptation that is sensitive to label shifts. We find that adapted models significantly improve the performance compared to the baseline models and counteract unknown label shifts.
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Sarcopenia pre- and post-liver transplantation : implication for hepatic encephalopathy
Nguyen, Mimosa; Huard, Geneviève; Tang, An; Rose, Christopher; Bémeur, Chantal; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2019-09)
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Fluid management for critically Ill patients with acute kidney injury receiving kidney replacement therapy : an international survey
Ledoux-Hutchinson, Lawrence; Wald, Ron; Malbrain, Manu; Carrier, François Martin; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Gallagher, Martin; Silver, Samuel A.; Bouchard, Josée; Connor, Michael J. Jr.; Clark, Edward G.; Côté, Jean-Maxime; Neyra, Javier A.; Denault, André; Beaubien-Souligny, William; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine (Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2023-03-28)
Background In critically ill patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT), high ultrafiltration rates and persistent fluid accumulation are associated with adverse outcomes. The purpose of this international survey was to evaluate current practices and evidence gaps related to fluid removal with KRT in critically ill patients. Methods This was a multinational, web-based survey distributed by 7 networks comprising nephrologists and intensivists. Physicians involved in the care of critically ill patients were invited to complete a 39 question survey about fluid-management practices on KRT. The survey was distributed from September 2021 to December 2021. Results There were 757 respondents from 96 countries (response rate of 65%). Most respondents practiced adult medicine (89%) and worked in an academic center (69%). The majority (91%) reported aiming for a 0.5 to 2 L negative fluid balance per day when fluid removal is indicated, although there was important variability in what respondents considered a safe maximal target. Intensivists were more likely than nephrologists to use adjunct volume status assessment methods (i.e. ultrasound, hemodynamic markers, intra-abdominal pressure) while nephrologists were more likely to deploy co-interventions aimed at improving tolerance to fluid removal (i.e. osmotic agents, low-temperature dialysate). There was a broad consensus that rapid decongestion should be prioritized when fluid accumulation is present, but the prevention of hypotension was also reported as a competing priority. A majority (77%) agreed that performing trials that compare fluid management strategies would be ethical and clinically relevant. Conclusions We have identified multiple areas of variability in current practice of fluid management for patients receiving KRT. The majority of nephrologists and intensivists agreed that several knowledge gaps related to fluid removal strategies should be investigated in future randomized controlled trials.
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The impact of stroke public awareness campaigns differs between sociodemographic groups
Rioux, Bastien; Brissette, Vincent; Forget Marin, Francine; Lindsay, Patrice; Keezer, Mark; Poppe, Alexandre Y.; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine. Département de neurosciences (Cambridge University Press, 2021-04-20)
Background: Prehospital delays are a major obstacle to timely reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke sign recognition, however, remains poor in the community. We present an analysis of repeated surveys to assess the impact of Face, Arm, Speech, Time (FAST) public awareness campaigns on stroke knowledge. Methods: Four cross-sectional surveys were conducted between July 2016 and January 2019 in the province of Quebec, Canada (n = 2,451). Knowledge of FAST stroke signs (face drooping, arm weakness and speech difficulties) was assessed with open-ended questions. A bilingual English/French FAST public awareness campaign preceded survey waves 1–3 and two campaigns preceded wave 4. We used multivariable ordinal regression models weighted for age and sex to assess FAST stroke sign knowledge. Results: We observed an overall significant improvement of 26% in FAST stroke sign knowledge between survey waves 1 and 4 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.55; p = 0.035). After the last campaign, however, 30.5% (95% CI: 27.5, 33.6) of people were still unable to name a single FAST sign. Factors associated with worse performance were male sex (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.86; p = 0.002) and retirement (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.83; p = 0.005). People with lower household income and education had a tendency towards worse stroke sign knowledge and were significantly less aware of the FAST campaigns. Conclusions: Knowledge of FAST stroke signs in the general population improved after multiple public awareness campaigns, although it remained low overall. Future FAST campaigns should especially target men, retired people and individuals with a lower socioeconomic status.
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Long-term randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of fixture surface acid-etching and machined collar design on bone healing
Camarda, Aldo Joseph; Milot, Patrice; Ciaburro, Hugo; Rompré, Pierre; Sallaleh, Imad; Do, Cao Minh Alexandre; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (Quintessence International Publishing Group, 2018)
Objectives: An implant with an acid-etched fixture surface and internal-hex collar may achieve greater osseointegration. The goal of this research was to study the effects on long-term bone healing of fixture surface acid-etching and machined collar design. Method and materials: Three two-part implant types were compared: standard Brånemark (with an external-hex 1.2 mm long machined flat collar), Swede-Vent (a copy of the Brånemark design, with an identical collar but a fixture surface acid-etched to 1 to 3 µm), and Screw-Vent (with a fixture surface acid-etched identically to that of Swede-Vent, but a longer internal-hex machined flat collar that did not require countersinking). Fifty-eight subjects each received the three types in alternate fashion at five sites between mental foramen, and a fixed full-arch prosthesis. Abutment-implant interface/microgap (MG) was placed at the crest, and first bone-to-implant contact point-to microgap (fBIC-MG) was measured at mesial and distal sides of each implant. Mean fBIC-MG values were compared after 15 to 20 years of function. Statistical analysis was based on the mixed linear model with the level of significance set at P < .05 and Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons. Results: Brånemark had less mean marginal bone loss (-1.08 mm, standard error [SE] 0.20) compared with Swede-Vent (-1.28 mm, SE 0.20), but pairwise comparisons showed that the difference was not statistically significant (mean difference of 0.20 mm, P = .662). Screw-Vent had the greatest loss (-1.92 mm, SE 0.20), and pairwise comparisons showed that the difference was statistically significant compared with Brånemark and Swede-Vent (difference ≥ 0.64 mm, P < .001). Conclusion: According to accepted standards for osseointegration, all three implant types achieved very acceptable long-term results. However, while Brånemark had the least bone loss, the implant with the acid-etched fixture surface and longer internal-hex collar design had the greatest loss. Within the confines of this study, shorter collar length of 1.2 mm may be more important to limit long-term bone loss with microgap placed at the crest.
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TGF-beta superfamily and limb regeneration : TGF-beta to start and BMP to end
Sader, Fadi; Roy, Stéphane; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine. Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (Wiley, 2021-06-07)
Axolotls represent a popular model to study how nature solved the problem of regenerating lost appendages in tetrapods. Our work over many years focused on trying to understand how these animals can achieve such a feat and not end up with a scarred up stump. The Tgf-β superfamily represents an interesting family to target since they are involved in wound healing in adults and pattern formation during development. This family is large and comprises Tgf-β, Bmps, activins and GDFs. In this review we present work from us and others on Tgf-β & Bmps and highlight interesting observations between these two sub-families. Tgf-β is important for the preparation phase of regeneration and Bmps for the redevelopment phase and they do not overlap with one another. We present novel data showing that the Tgf-β non-canonical pathway is also not active during redevelopment. Finally, we propose a molecular model to explain how Tgf-β and Bmps maintain distinct windows of expression during regeneration in axolotls.
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Prospective randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of two different implant collar designs on peri‐implant healing and functional osseointegration after 25 years
Camarda, Aldo Joseph; Durand, Robert; Benkarim, Marwa; Rompré, Pierre; Guertin, Geneviève; Ciaburro, Hugo; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (Wiley, 2020-12-14)
Objectives Evaluate the effects of two different machined‐collar lengths and designs on peri‐implant healing. Material and Methods An implant with a microtextured surface and 3.6mm‐long internal‐connection machined collar was compared to two implants that had an identical 1.2mm‐long external‐connection machined collar, but one had the microtextured surface while the other's was machined. Participants received the three implants, with microgap at the crest, alternately at five sites between mental foramen, and a full‐arch prosthesis. Peri‐implant bone levels were measured after 23 to 26 years of function. Keratinized tissue height, plaque, probing depth, bleeding, and purulence were also evaluated. Descriptive and mixed models for repeated\measures analyses were used, with Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons. Results Twenty‐two participants (110 implants) were evaluated at the 25‐year examination. Microtextured implants with the longer machined collar had significantly greater mean marginal bone loss (−1.77mm ± 0.18, mean ± SE) than machined (−0.85mm ± 0.18, p < .001) and microtextured (−1.00 ± 0.18mm, p < .001) implants with the shorter machined collar. Keratinized tissue height was greater for internal‐connection (0.74mm ± 0.10) versus external‐connection (0.51 ± 0.08, p = 0.01) microtextured implants. No differences were observed for plaque (p = 0.78), probing depth (p = 0.42), bleeding (p = 0.07), and purulence (p = 1.00). Implant survival rate was 99%. Conclusions Implants with the 1.2mm machined collar limited bone loss to 1mm, while those with the longer machined collar showed > 1.5mm loss after 25 years of function with microgap at the crest. Internal‐connection design and fixture surface microtexturing did not result in greater bone preservation.
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Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in feces and colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for colorectal cancer : a systematic review and meta-analysis
Idrissi Janati, Amal; Karp, Igor; Laprise, Claudie; Sabri, Hisham; Emami, Elham; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (BMC, 2020-12-03)
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a metaanalysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC. Methods: A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews—Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. NewcastleOttawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality. Results: Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the metaanalysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0). Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC.
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Bone healing response in cyclically loaded implants : comparing zero, one, and two loading sessions per day
De Barros e Lima Bueno, Renan; Dias, Ana Paula; Poncea, Katia J.; Wazen, Rima; Brunski, John B.; Nanci, Antonio; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (Elsevier, 2018-05)
When bone implants are loaded, they are inevitably subjected to displacement relative to bone. Such micromotion generates stress/strain states at the interface that can cause beneficial or detrimental sequels. The objective of this study is to better understand the mechanobiology of bone healing at the tissue-implant interface during repeated loading. Machined screw shaped Ti implants were placed in rat tibiae in a hole slightly bigger than the implant diameter. Implants were held stable by a specially-designed bone plate that permits controlled loading. Three loading regimens were applied, (a) zero loading, (b) one daily loading session of 60 cycles with an axial force of 1.5 N/cycle for 7 days, and (c) two such daily sessions with the same axial force also for 7 days. Finite element analysis was used to characterize the mechanobiological conditions produced by the loading sessions. After 7 days, the implants with surrounding interfacial tissue were harvested and processed for histological, histomorphometric and DNA microarray analyses. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that the group subjected to repeated loading sessions exhibited a significant decrease in bone-implant contact and increase in bone-implant distance, as compared to unloaded implants and those subjected to only one loading session. Gene expression profiles differed during osseointegration between all groups mainly with respect to inflammatory and unidentified gene categories. The results indicate that increasing the daily cyclic loading of implants induces deleterious changes in the bone healing response, most likely due to the accumulation of tissue damage and associated inflammatory reaction at the bone-implant interface.
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From theoretical concepts to policies and applied programmes: the landscape of integration of oral health in primary care
Harnagea, Hermina; Lamothe, Lise; Couturier, Yves; Esfandiari, Shahrokh; Voyer, René; Charbonneau, Anne; Emami, Elham; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2018)
Background: Despite its importance, the integration of oral health into primary care is still an emerging practice in the field of health care services. This scoping review aims to map the literature and provide a summary on the conceptual frameworks, policies and programs related to this concept. Methods: Using the Levac et al. six-stage framework, we performed a systematic search of electronic databases, organizational websites and grey literature from 1978 to April 2016. All relevant original publications with a focus on the integration of oral health into primary care were retrieved. Content analyses were performed to synthesize the results. Results: From a total of 1619 citations, 67 publications were included in the review. Two conceptual frameworks were identified. Policies regarding oral heath integration into primary care were mostly oriented toward common risk factors approach and care coordination processes. In general, oral health integrated care programs were designed in the public health sector and based on partnerships with various private and public health organizations, governmental bodies and academic institutions. These programmes used various strategies to empower oral health integrated care, including building interdisciplinary networks, training nondental care providers, oral health champion modelling, enabling care linkages and care coordinated process, as well as the use of e-health technologies. The majority of studies on the programs outcomes were descriptive in nature without reporting long-term outcomes. Conclusions: This scoping review provided a comprehensive overview on the concept of integration of oral health in primary care. The findings identified major gaps in reported programs outcomes mainly because of the lack of related research. However, the results could be considered as a first step in the development of health care policies that support collaborative practices and patient-centred care in the field of primary care sector.
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GABAergic control of action potential propagation along axonal branches of mammalian sensory neurons
Verdier, Dorly; Lund, James P.; Kolta, Arlette; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2003-03)
The main axons of mammalian sensory neurons are usually viewed as passive transmitters of sensory information. However, the spindle afferents of jaw-closing muscles behave as if action potential traffic along their central axons is phasically regulated during rhythmic jaw movements. In this paper, we used brainstem slices containing the cell bodies, stem axons, and central axons of these sensory afferents to show that GABA applied to the descending central (caudal) axon often abolished antidromic action potentials that were elicited by electrical stimulation of the tract containing the caudal axons of the recorded cells. This effect ofGABAwas most often not associated with a change in membrane potential of the soma and was still present in a calcium-free medium. It was mimicked by local applications of muscimol on the axons and was blocked by bath applications of picrotoxin, suggesting activation of GABAA receptors located on the descending axon. Antidromic action potentials could also be blocked by electrical stimulation of local interneurons, and this effect was prevented by bath application of picrotoxin, suggesting that it results from the activation of GABAA receptors after the release of endogenous GABA. We suggest that blockage is caused mainly by shunting within the caudal axon and that motor command circuits use this mechanism to disconnect the rostral and caudal compartments of the central axon, which allows the two parts of the neuron to perform different functions during movement.
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Neonatal low-protein diet reduces the masticatory efficiency in rats
Ferraz-Pereira, Kelli N.; Da Silva Aragão, Raquel; Verdier, Dorly; Toscano, Ana E.; Lacerda, Diego C.; Manhães-de-Castro, Raul; Kolta, Arlette; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2015-09)
Little is known about the effects of undernutrition on the specific muscles and neuronal circuits involved in mastication. The aim of this study was to document the effects of neonatal low-protein diet on masticatory efficiency. Newborn rats whose mothers were fed 17 % (nourished (N), n 60) or 8% (undernourished (U), n 56) protein were compared. Their weight was monitored and their masticatory jaw movements were video-recorded. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in brainstem slice preparations to investigate the intrinsic membrane properties and N-methyl-Daspartate- induced bursting characteristics of the rhythmogenic neurons (N, n 43; U, n 39) within the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr). Morphometric analysis (N, n 4; U, n 5) were conducted on masseteric muscles serial cross-sections. Our results showed that undernourished animals had lower numbers of masticatory sequences (P=0·049) and cycles (P=0·045) and slower chewing frequencies (P=0·004) (N, n 32; U, n 28). Undernutrition reduced body weight but had little effect on many basic NVsnpr neuronal electrophysiological parameters. It did, however, affect sag potentials (P<0·001) and rebound firing (P=0·005) that influence firing pattern. Undernutrition delayed the appearance of bursting and reduced the propensity to burst (P=0·002), as well as the bursting frequency (P=0·032). Undernourished animals showed increased and reduced proportions of fibre type IIA (P<0·0001) and IIB (P<0·0001), respectively. In addition, their fibre areas (IIA, P<0·001; IIB, P<0·001) and perimeters (IIA, P<0·001; IIB, P<0·001) were smaller. The changes observed at the behavioural, neuronal and muscular levels suggest that undernutrition reduces chewing efficiency by slowing, weakening and delaying maturation of the masticatory muscles and the associated neuronal circuitry.
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The use of opioid analgesics in the management of acute and chronic orofacial pain in Canada: the need for further research
Cairns, Brian E.; Kolta, Arlette; Whitney, Eli; Craig, Ken; Rei, Nathalie; Lam, David K.; Lynch, Mary; Sessle, Barry; Lavigne, Gilles; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2014-08)
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Assessment of the potential role of muscle spindle mechanoreceptor afferents in chronic muscle pain in the rat masseter muscle
Lund, James P; Sadeghi, Somayeh; Athanassiadis, Tuija; Caram Salas, Nadia; Auclair, François; Thivierge, Benoît; Arsenault, Isabel; Rompré, Pierre; Westberg, Karl-Gunnar; Kolta, Arlette; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2010-06)
Background: The phenotype of large diameter sensory afferent neurons changes in several models of neuropathic pain. We asked if similar changes also occur in ‘‘functional’’ pain syndromes. Methodology/Principal Findings: Acidic saline (AS, pH 4.0) injections into the masseter muscle were used to induce persistent myalgia. Controls received saline at pH 7.2. Nocifensive responses of Experimental rats to applications of Von Frey Filaments to the masseters were above control levels 1–38 days post-injection. This effect was bilateral. Expression of c-Fos in the Trigeminal Mesencephalic Nucleus (NVmes), which contains the somata of masseter muscle spindle afferents (MSA), was above baseline levels 1 and 4 days after AS. The resting membrane potentials of neurons exposed to AS (n = 167) were hyperpolarized when compared to their control counterparts (n = 141), as were their thresholds for firing, high frequency membrane oscillations (HFMO), bursting, inward and outward rectification. The amplitude of HFMO was increased and spontaneous ectopic firing occurred in 10% of acid-exposed neurons, but never in Controls. These changes appeared within the same time frame as the observed nocifensive behaviour. Ectopic action potentials can travel centrally, but also antidromically to the peripheral terminals of MSA where they could cause neurotransmitter release and activation of adjacent fibre terminals. Using immunohistochemistry, we confirmed that annulospiral endings of masseter MSA express the glutamate vesicular transporter VGLUT1, indicating that they can release glutamate. Many capsules also contained fine fibers that were labelled by markers associated with nociceptors (calcitonin gene-related peptide, Substance P, P2X3 receptors and TRPV1 receptors) and that expressed the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5. Antagonists of glutamatergic receptors given together with the 2nd injection of AS prevented the hypersensitivity observed bilaterally but were ineffective if given contralaterally. Conclusions/Significance: Low pH leads to changes in several electrical properties of MSA, including initiation of ectopic action potentials which could propagate centrally but could also invade the peripheral endings causing glutamate release and activation of nearby nociceptors within the spindle capsule. This peripheral drive could contribute both to the transition to, and maintenance of, persistent muscle pain as seen in some ‘‘functional’’ pain syndromes.
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An astrocyte-dependent mechanism for neuronal rhythmogenesis
Morquette, Philippe; Verdier, Dorly; Kadala, Aklesso; Féthière, James; Philippe, Antony G.; Robitaille, Richard; Kolta, Arlette; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2015-06)
Communication between neurons rests on their capacity to change their firing pattern to encode different messages. For several vital functions, such as respiration and mastication, neurons need to generate a rhythmic firing pattern. Here we show in the rat trigeminal sensori-motor circuit for mastication that this ability depends on regulation of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e) by astrocytes. In this circuit, astrocytes respond to sensory stimuli that induce neuronal rhythmic activity, and their blockade with a Ca2+ chelator prevents neurons from generating a rhythmic bursting pattern. This ability is restored by adding S100b, an astrocytic Ca2+-binding protein, to the extracellular space, while application of an anti-S100b antibody prevents generation of rhythmic activity. These results indicate that astrocytes regulate a fundamental neuronal property: the capacity to change firing pattern. These findings may have broad implications for many other neural networks whose functions depend on the generation of rhythmic activity.
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Ion homeostasis in rhythmogenesis : the interplay between neurons and astroglia
Kadala, Aklesso; Verdier, Dorly; Morquette, Philippe; Kolta, Arlette; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2015-09)
Proper function of all excitable cells depends on ion homeostasis. Nowhere is this more critical than in the brain where the extracellular concentration of some ions determines neurons' firing pattern and ability to encode information. Several neuronal functions depend on the ability of neurons to change their firing pattern to a rhythmic bursting pattern, whereas, in some circuits, rhythmic firing is, on the contrary, associated to pathologies like epilepsy or Parkinson's disease. In this review, we focus on the four main ions known to fluctuate during rhythmic firing: calcium, potassium, sodium, and chloride. We discuss the synergistic interactions between these elements to promote an oscillatory activity. We also review evidence supporting an important role for astrocytes in the homeostasis of each of these ions and describe mechanisms by which astrocytes may regulate neuronal firing by altering their extracellular concentrations. A particular emphasis is put on the mechanisms underlying rhythmogenesis in the circuit forming the central pattern generator (CPG) for mastication and other CPG systems. Finally, we discuss how an impairment in the ability of glial cells to maintain such homeostasis may result in pathologies like epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.
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Cariology education in Canadian dental schools: where are we? Where do we need to go?
Tikhonova, Svetlana; Girard, Félix; Fontana, Margherita; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2017)
The aim of this study was to document cariology education across Canadian dental schools. Ten faculty members who supervise cariology education at each of the ten Canadian dental schools were invited to participate in the study in 2016. An adapted version of the European Organization for Caries Research-Association for Dental Education in Europe cariology curriculum group questionnaire was used. Representatives of all ten dental schools completed the questionnaire, for a 100% response rate. In four schools, cariology and restorative dentistry were taught by the same department. Five schools had didactic/ laboratory courses focusing primarily on cariology as well as a specific written curriculum. Six schools provided cariologyrelated hands-on workshops/laboratories before students started working with patients. In teaching cariology, seven institutions included dental hard tissues defects. The following caries detection methods were addressed didactically in cariology education: visual (10/10 total schools), tactile (9/10), International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria (6/10), caries activity assessment (9/10), radiographic (10/10), and other detection tools (8/10). Seven schools charted activity of carious lesions in clinic. Only one school used the concept of caries risk assessment regularly in clinic. Clinical cariology teaching was carried out mostly by private dentists hired as clinical instructors (7/10) and faculty members involved in didactic cariology education (9/10). Calibration of faculty members for caries detection criteria was reported by only one school. The main concern reported by all institutions was the difficulty of implementing didactic instruction on cariology into clinical training. This study found that contemporary cariology concepts are in the process of being implemented in didactic education across Canadian dental schools, but all schools lacked appropriate integration of cariology education into clinical training. These findings suggest a need for harmonization of evidence-based cariology education in Canada.
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Culturally adapted musical intervention for patient-centred health care
Emami, Elham; Gosselin, Nathalie; Rainville, Pierre; Durand, Robert; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2017)
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Intraosseous Schwannoma of the Jaws: An Updated Review of the Literature and Report of 2 New Cases Affecting the Mandible
Perkins, Dru; Stiharu, Tudor I.; Swift, James Q.; Dao, Tran Volong; Mainville, Gisèle; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2017)
Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath neoplasms composed almost entirely of Schwann cells. These tumors most often arise in the soft tissues of the head and neck. However, seldom do they occur within bone. This article presents a rare case of a recurrent intraosseous schwannoma of the anterior mandible and another case of a posterior intraosseous mandibular schwannoma accessed via a sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Furthermore, we provide an updated review of the literature on intraosseous schwannomas affecting the mandible and maxilla.
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Diagnosis and management of benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: a current review for the dental clinician
Mainville, Gisèle; Turgeon, D.P.; Kauzman, Adel; Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine dentaire (2017-05-31)
Benign fibro-osseous lesions of the maxillofacial skeleton constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders that includes developmental, reactive (dysplastic) and neoplastic lesions. Although their classification has been reviewed multiple times in the past, the most common benign fibro-osseous lesions are fibrous dysplasia, osseous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma. For the dental clinician, the challenges involve diagnosis and treatment (or lack thereof). A careful correlation of all clinical, radiologic and microscopic features is essential to establish a proper diagnosis and a clear treatment plan. This article aimed to review the clinical, radiologic and histopathologic characteristics of benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws, with emphasis on their differential diagnoses. With a deeper understanding of benign fibro-osseous lesions, clinicians will be better prepared to manage these lesions in their practice.

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